A high level framework to enable good listening is the double diamond approach.
Low level process steps
Discover
Consume product requirements
Understand the problems and goals
Documentation
Success metrics
Review (design QA)
Design
User Journeys
Product validation
Ideation, brainstorming
Wireframe
Review
Iterate & Refine (high fidelity)
Deliver
Hand off
Documentation
Success metrics
Review (design QA)